569
Separate System for European portion.
Combination of systems recommended.
Objections to discharge house drains
water drains
4:
discharge direct into the harbour, but having no connection with the few lege main storm-water drains, which convey the flood water from the hill sides alve through these portions of the city.
The remaining portions of the city, occupied chiefly by what may be described as the European population. I propose to deal with on the separate system, the hill side drainage and rainfall generally being served by the present large storm-water drains mentioned above, and the sewage conducted by pipe drains to convenient outfalls, discharging into the harbour.
It will therefore be seen that I propose to adopt the Combined System for the purely Chinese districts, and the Separate System for the European; and I hope to be able to prove, that this combination of systems can be effectually and economically carried out, and that it is the most suitable to the widely different conditions to be dealt with in the drainage of this City.
Mr. Chadwick's Scheme.
The objections I have to this scheme, are, that in the districts of
upper the City and wherever the houses are scattered, it would not be wise to discharge into rain the drainage from these houses into the large drains necessary to take the in European Storm-water, as, during the dry season, there would not be a sufficient body of districts. sewage in these large drains to keep up a constant flow.
sewer.
Objections to The intercepting sewer to the Sulphur Channel, owing to the depth of it, intercepting must be constructed in soil open to the sea, and, being for its entire length (6 miles) below low water level, would, owing to its enormous cost, together with the constant expense of pumping, be practically prohibitive, and I consider unnecessary, as, by properly constructed outfalls into deep water opposite the City, no nuisance would arise.
Agreement with
I entirely agree with Mr. CHADWICK in his recommendations to use the Mr. Chadwick present drains for the conveyance of sewage and rainfall over the thickly to use present populated Chinese districts of the City, and with his remarks and suggestions on Ventilation, trapping, house connections, improvement of the existing sewers and sanitation generally.
drains.
His admirable report contains an immense amount of most valuable and reliable information.
delivered; and carry by a small stone-ware pipe discharging into the harbour at the outfall, marked L 1. allowing the present drains to take the entire rainfall and subsoil waters by the present outfalls to the harbour.
I may mention that in this area are several swampy places, that require proper subsoil drainage.
The
No. 2.
sewage of District No. 2 would be collected along the Caine Road District and discharged into the harbour by a pipe sewer at the outfall marked L 2. The rainfall and subsoil waters for this district discharging, as at present, down the Peel Street drain.
The sewage of District No. 3 would be discharged by a pipe into the District harbour at the outfall marked L 3.
No. 3.
No. 4.
The sewage of District No. 4 would be discharged at L 4. The rainfall of District districts Nos. 3 and 4 being discharged by the present drains.
The ground above the Chinese Quarter in Wanchai is too steep to be builtGround above on to any extent.
khanghai too steep for
building.
In district No. 5, the Seamen's Hospital and Morrison Hill Terrace stand District on high ground. The rest of buildings in this district are chiefly warehouses No. 3. situated along the Praya frout. The small amount of sewage of this district would be discharged into the harbour at the outfall, marked L 5. The rainfall being dealt with as at present.
No. 6.
The Western portion of District No. 6, bounded by Percival Street and District Bowrington Canal, is at present partly occupied by a sugar refinery and warehouses. It is probable that other factories may be located here, and that, in the future, a separate drain will be necessary. The sewage, from the remaining part of the District, would be discharged into the sea at the outfall marked L6. The rainfall being dealt with as at present.
Separate
The outfalls for the Yellow or Separate System, are of two kinds, those for outfalls for the rain water being as at present. Fig. 1. Plate 2. gives a sketch of an existing t outfall. The sewage discharge can be dealt with as shown by Fig. 2, Plate 2, portions. consisting of a cast iron pipe carried to a suitable distance and depth to ensure ample dilution and diffusion of the sewage particles.
The entire sewage and rainfall of the Chinese parts of the city coloured Existing Red, I proposed to convey in those of the existing drains which are suitable for drains to be the conveyance of sewage. Where the drains are defective they must be either suitable for repaired or reconstructed and thorougly ventilated along their entire course. whole of the sewage and rain fall being discharged direct into the harbour, but in no case connected with the few large storm water drains (shown by blue lines), that take the rainfall from the European districts, and the hill sides situated above.
made
Chinese
The districts.
Description of Plate 1. Division of districts.
Inability to
plane.
Mr. Cooper's Scheme.
The chief points of objection I have to this scheme are :-
1.--Attempting to separate rainfall from sewage over the thickly populated
Chinese parts of the City.
2.-Dividing the City into the four districts proposed.
3.--The disposal of the sewage by intercepting sewers at the four points
proposed.
Before proceeding to discuss my objections, I think it would be well to describe more fully my proposals, as the pros and cons of the two schemes could then be taken together.
Plate 1 is a map of the City. The districts occupied by Chinese are coloured red, and these I propose to drain on the Combined System. The districts coloured yellow are chiefly occupied by Europeans, and these I propose to drain on the Separate System.
I
To follow the description of the lines of sewers I am now about to describe, provide detalla thorough knowledge of the levels and contours of the ground is necessary.
regret that, being able to spare but a short portion of time, and the plans of Mr. COOPER's Scheme having been hurried home, I have not drawn a complete plan shewing all the lines of sewers.
Scheme for District No. 1.
Commencing at the extreme West or No. 1 subdivision of the Yellow or Separate System there are but few houses to deal with. The drainage of these, I would disconnect from the storm-water drains, into which, it is at present
On this Combined System, the drainage of the red portion will be a simple Combined and comparatively inexpensive undertaking.
System simple and inexpensive.
I have not dealt with Kennedy Town or Causeway Bay district. as they are Kennedy, not yet built over.
Town and
Cansoway
Bay unt
dealt with.
The outfalls, for the red or combined portions, can be dealt with as shewn Outfalls for by Fig. 3, Plate 2.
Chinese districts.
LL
This outfall is practically the same as the river outlet at Windsor Castle, which plan is given as a model one by Sir Robert Rawlinson in the Suggestions for Sewage, &c." issued by the Local Government Board, and which has become the usual plan adopted in similar cases at home.
It may be argued, that the two portions shown by the red and yellow Chinese and colours, are liable to alteration. This is practically impossible, as the districts in districts which Chinese houses may be built, are not only very clearly defined and unalterable. restricted by the European Reservation Ordinance, but in seme places, are prevented from changing, by the nature of the Hill-sides, the Public Gardens, and the Military Reserve. That additional ground must become occupied by Chinese, is almost certain, but the ground, which they will occupy, is clearly Extention of defined; such as reclamation from the Harbour, Kennedy Town. Wanchai and districts. Causeway Bay, which are capable of accommodating a vast increase in the number of Chinese, and any such increase can be dealt with in entire comformity with the proposed scheme.
Chinese
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